Information
Azuma, H. Spawning altum angels. Tropical Fish Hobbyist 43 10 1994 70-76. Goldstein, R.J. Cichlids of the World. Neptune, NJ T.F.H. Publications, 1973. Gratzek, J.B., and J.R. Matthews, eds., Aquari-ology, Fish Diseases and Water Chemistry. Blacksburg, VA Tetra Press, 1992. Killino, T.J., and M.S. Bodri. Safety of Milbe-mycin as an Oral or Bath Treatment for the Tropical Freshwater Angelfish Pterophyllum sen ore. Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 28 1 1997 94-96. Mayland, HJ. The...
Origin
Pterophyllum altum probably does not occur in eastern tributaries of the Orinoco, or in the Rio Negro, or in any other portions of the Amazon basin, according to several of today's experts. The fact remains, however, that at least one collection reports it from the Rio Negro. If P. altum has indeed crossed from the Orinoco drainage into the Rio Negro, il would have been through a legendary natural connection called the Rio Casiguiare, or the Casiquiare Canal. This high water bridge between the...
Dodecahexaenoic acid a HUFA or highly unsaturated fatty acid
H3C - CH CH CH CH2 - CM CH -CH CH - CH CH - COOH foods, and even increase the nutritive value of live baby brine shrimp, by adding a cheap source of carotenoids ordinary kitchen paprika. The highly unsaturated fatty acids, or HUFAs, are long-chain versions of fatty acids. Simple fatty acids might contain just 2 to 8 carbon atoms in a line, but the long-chain acids might have 18 to 24 carbons. Fatty acids can be saturated or unsaturated, and this refers to whether each carbon atom is singly or...
Flatworms
The principal parasitic flatworms are tapeworms cestodes , digenea internal flukes , and monogenea gill and skin flukes . Monogenea are serious disease agents because they have a direct life cycle that can result in uncontrolled multiplication. Monoge-nea are of two general forms those with tiny adhesive clamps and those with large suckers and anchors. Clamp-bearing monogenea usually occur on gills, whereas anchor-bearing monogenea occur on gills or skin, and are known even from the urinary...
Glossary
symbol for the wild-type allele accession number registration number of a museum specimen acidic having a pH well below 7.0 albino lacking melanin pigment alkalinity having the capacity to neutralize acids alleles genes affecting the same character differently anal fin unpaired fin on the abdomen of a fish ascites swelling or bloating with intracellular fluid bands vertical markings basic having a pll well above 7.0 B-cell type of antibody-producing white blood cell blackwater darkly stained...
Interactions
Genes sometimes interact with unpredictable consequences. As described under marbles, r 3 enhances both D and D' to increase black pigmentation. These are all alleles. A cross based on interacting non-allclic genes was the origin of Black Velvet. Here, the gene for blushing, or homozygous stripe-less angelfish S5 , was combined with the most intensely black of the dark gene strains Drf , yielding an intensely black angelfish. Epistasis This is the action of one gene affecting the expression of...
South American Genera of the Family Cichlidae after Kullander
Subfamily Retroculinae Retroculus Tribe Astronotini Tribe Chaetobranehini Tribe Crenicaratini Tribe Acarichthyini Tribe Geophagini Tribe Aearonini Tribe Ciehlasomatini Biotoecus, Crenicara, Dicrossus, Mazarunia Acariehthys, Guianacara Apistogramma, Apistogramnwides, Biotodoma, Geopha-gus, Gymnogeophagus, Mikrogcophagus, Satanoperca. Taeniacara, brasiliensis group, steindachneri group Aequidens, Bujurquina, Cichlasama, Cleithracara, Laetacara, Krobia, Nannacara, Tahuantinsuyoa, hoehni group,...