Dorsal Fin Banggai
Purple Dottyback Pseudochromis porphyreus Neon Dottyback Pseudochromis aldabraensis Orchid Dottyback Pseudochromis frid man i Bicolor Dottyback CPseudochromis paccagnellae Diadema Dottyback Pseudochromis diadema Sunrise Dottyback Pseudochromis flavivertex one of the bachelors will move to the head of the class with the best specimens coming from Hawaiian collectors, within a few days. The primary drawback to successful DOTTYBACKS. Among the Pseudochromidae, or dotty-aquarium husbandry of these...
Hydrocotyle verticillata
Unlike other Hydrocotyle--species, this plant retains its trailing growth form. Optimum growth is only achieved in strong light and soft, slightly acidic water. It does not need to be rooted, but can be used as a floating plant. Hydrocotyle verticillata is definitely a foreground plant which can also be used in garden ponds. It can also be used as an indoor plant if the soil is kept moist.
The scribbled angelfish Chaetodontoplus duboulayi
Anecdotal information has suggested that some populations of the scribbled angelfish Chaetodontoplus duboulayi, pictured may be depleted. Although this information has not as yet been validated by scientific surveys, local fishers in Queensland, Australia, have observed significant fluctuations in population densities over the years and thus have raised concerns. Population estimates between the Keppel Island group and the southern extent of the species in Hervey Bay, Australia, show lower...
Eggcrate
In order to minimize the rocks' contact with the bottom and prevent the formation of dirt traps, some people use eggcrate as an elevated, open base. Eggcrate is manufactured as a diffuser for overhead fluorescent lights. It is a grid-like plastic material with squares approximately 1 cm 0.5 inch wide. The typical color is white, but it is also available in black. Metallic eggcrate, manufactured to lend a high-tech look to overhead fluorescents, is probably unsuitable for use inside aquariums....
Parasitic Diseases
Cause Amyloodinium ocellatum dinoflagellate protozoan Symptoms The gills are usually the first site of the infection. It then spreads to the skin, making it dull, patchy, and velvet-like white spots are visible on sections of intact skin. As the disease progresses, the fish's behavior may include fasting, gasping, scratching against objects, and sluggishness. Lesions caused by the dinoflagellate can lead to secondary bacterial infection. Treatment This organism has three stages to its life...
Family CHANNIDAE 487snakeheads Freshwater tropical Africa and southern Asia
Body elongate long dorsal and anal fins pelvic fins usually present some Asian species of Channa lack the pelvics , with six rays no fin spines cycloid or ctenoid scales lower jaw protruding beyond upper suprabranchial organ for air breathing present. Maximum length about 1.2 m. Distribution maps and descriptive information for the species are given in Courtenay and Williams 2004 . Two genera, Channa 26, synonym Ophicephalus and Parachanna 3 , with about 29 species Courtenay and Williams, 2004...
Similar Species Parazoanthus spp
Natural Habitat Epizoantbus spp. are found in close association with sponges, hydroids and pagurid crabs. Several species are found growing witliin the body wall of hexactinellid sponges, encrusting hydroids and covering the carapace of deep water pagurid crabs. The zoanthids cover the carapace of the crab, eventually dissolving it awray, completely enclosing the crab, a condition knowrn as carcinoecium Hyman, 1940 . Not all species are exclusively associated with a host sponge or other...
Anemone Mushroom CoralHeliofungia actiniformis
Huge solitary polyp Central Pacific Lighting Photosynthetic needs medium to strong lighting. Water Quality Demands excellent water quality, including calcium supplementation for skeletal growth. Aquascaping Should be on a quiet sandy bottom where it can expand freely. Keep away from strong currents. Resembles an anemone, but is a solitary single polyp stony coral. Often damaged in collection or shipping, but is hardy once established. Needs very careful acclimation. Cnidaria Anthozoa...
Cnidaria Anthozoa Zoanthidea Zoanthidae Sea mats
Lighting Photosynthetic need moderate to high light intensity. Hazards Symbiotic bacteria living with Palythoa spp. produce palytoxin, a potent toxin in the mucus. Handle with care gloves are recommended. These easily kept polyps are connected by fleshy tissue that encrusts the substrate. They often form large colonies in shallow water. Colors are usually yellowish or brownish. Lighting Probably needs moderate light intensity. Feeding Should be given minute plankton during the night when the...
Caring For Your Underwater Garden
An aquarium, like a garden, needs weeding and the plants must be pruned now and then, or it gets overgrown. But care is necessary to maintain the balance in the aquarium, and not to create ideal conditions for algae by pruning too severely. Plants with stems should always be pinched off before they reach the water surface, as they will otherwise overshadow themselves as well as other plants. The new side shoots will make the plant more compact. The top shoots can be planted on the bottom again,...
Class THALIACEA salps
Larvae and adults transparent pelagic adults may be solitary or colonial . They tend to be planktonic but are generally capable of weak movements. Remarkable life cycles are characteristic of this group, with sexual and asexual reproductive stages occurring. Order PYROSOMIDA. Marine seas except the Arctic. Tubular colonies with a common atrial chamber. They can emit a strong phosphorescent light. The colonies usually vary in length from about 3 cm to 1 m. Order DOLIOLIDA Cyclomyaria . Marine...
Common name Giant ambulia Origin India Sri Lanka
Once established, this attractive, fine-leaved bushy plant is relatively easy to look after. Any difficulties you experience in keeping it can usually be attributed to changing conditions or the lack of a particular nutrient. A readily available source of Iron and fairly soft water with a pH of 6-7 are particularly important. In good conditions and strong lighting, the plant will grow rapidly, producing noticeable growth almost daily. Stronger light will also ensure that the leaves are thicker...
SUBPHYLUM CEPHALOCHORDATA Acrania in part
The notochord extends to the anterior end of the body, in front of the brain. No cranium no vertebrae no cartilage or bone heart consisting of a contractile vessel no red corpuscles liver diverticulum segmented musculature epidermis with a single layer of cells protonephridia with solenocytes for excretion endostyle present with iodine-fixing cells, it may be homologous with the thyroid of vertebrates , produces mucus that entraps food particles true brain absent, but two pairs of cerebral...
Echinodorus portoalegrensis
Family Alismataceae. Synonyms None. Etymology Echinodorus see E. aschersoni-anus portoalegrensis after Porto Alegre. Distribution Southern Brazil Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre habitat description doubtful and Santa Catarina, Tangara. Description Medium-sized aquatic plant with a long, thin rhizome. Petiole up to 15 cm long, almost round, hard. Blade narrow elliptic to elliptic or narrow lanceolate to oblan-ceolate, 5-16 cm long, 2-7 cm wide, conspicuously stiff, leathery, medium to black...
Echinodorus parviflorus Tropica
Etymology Cultivar name 'Tropica' after the aquatic plant nursery of the same name in Hjortsh0j, Denmark. Distribution Unknown. Description Small to medium-sized marsh plant. Petiole up to 5 cm long. Blade narrow obovoid, up to 12 cm long, 5 cm wide, coarse, a little bullate, medium to dark green in color, without dark cross-venation. Apex obtuse rounded, with an up to 7-mm long tip. Leaf margin slightly undulate. Number of chromosomes 2n 22. Description otherwise as in E. parviflorus. Culture...
Echinodorus parviflorus
Commercial name Echinodorus peruensis, Etymology Echinodorus see E. aschersoni-anus parviflorus small-flowered. Distribution Not definitely known mass exports in the 1970s arrived supposedly from Peru and Bolivia. Description Medium-sized marsh plant. Leaves up to 15 cm petiolate. Blade narrow lanceolate in the short-day, lanceolate in the long-day, up to 27 cm long, 4-6.5 cm wide, medium green, frequently with dark cross-venation, juveniles also brownish. Apex and base acute. Leaf surface...
Echinodorus palaefolius
Family Alismataceae Synonyms Sagittaria palaefolia Nees and Martius 1823 , Alisma palaefolium Nees and Martius Kunth, A. ellipticum Martius, E. palaefolius var. latifolius Micheli Rataj, E. palaefolius var. minus Seubert Rataj, and others. Etymology Echinodorus see E. aschersoni-anus palaefolius with primeval, primitive l,eaves. Distribution Eastern Brazil. Description Sturdy marsh plant. Petiole up to 75 cm long, almost round, grooved, glabrous. Emersed blade ovoid, not cordate, up to 30 cm...
Condylactis and Friends
The primary distinction between this tank and the Bartholomea aquarium is the need for proper lighting for the anemone. Bartholomea lack zooxanthellae and lighting is thus immaterial to its well-being. This model design is a miniature version of the sea grass bed tank described in the previous chapter. Aquarium Capacity 20 gallons long Life Support live sand, hang-on filter with built-in skimmer Lighting two to four fluorescent lamps Background light green Decoration plastic reproductions of...
The SmithsonianStyle Aquarium
low in nutrient compounds, Dr. Walter Adey of the Smithsonian Institution places heavy emphasis on the role of specially cultivated turfs composed of various species of algae Adey and Loveland, 1991 . This is commonly known as the Algal Turf-Scrubber approach, and it is currently more common in institutional aquarium installations than in the hobbyist world. Periodic harvesting of a portion of the algae growth serves to export accumulated wastes. In other words, such systems rely heavily upon...
Family NOMEIDAE 480driftfishes Marine tropical and subtropical seas
Pelvic fins present in adult two dorsal fins, the first with 9-12 slender spines and the second with 0-3 spines and 15-32 soft rays anal fin with 1-3 spines and 14-30 soft rays. Maximum length about 1 m. The 10-cm Nomeus gronovii Man-of-War Fish is circumtropical and usually found with the Portuguese Man-of-War Physalia . The fish swims unharmed among the stinging tentacles. Three genera, Cubiceps, Nomeus, and Psenes, with about 16 species P. R. Last in Carpenter and Niem, 2001 Haedrich, 2003 ....
Shinnersia rivularis
The unusual leaf shape - similar to an oak leaf - makes this plant an interesting addition to the aquarium. The leaves are up to 2 in 5 cm long and a dark green color. In the aquarium the plant may grow rapidly and need regular thinning. Bright lighting will prevent the node distance between the leaves from becoming too large and keeps the plant compact. It will reach the surface and continue to grow under the water. Can be used out of water in a bog aquarium.
Adventitious Plants
The formation of adventitious plants on leaves, petioles, roots and inflorescences of the parent plant is well-known to aquarists. Propagules on the margins can often be seen in ferns such as Ceratopteris and Micro-sorum, whereas in pond lilies, such as Nym-phaea micrantha and Nymphaea X daube-nyana, they are found on the leaf base, ensuring easy vegetative propagation in these species. In Microsorum shoots will also form in large quantities on the roots hanging in the water. Detached leaves...
Echinodorus macrophyllus
Family Alismataceae. Synonyms For subsp. macrophyllus Alisma macrophyllum Kunth 1841 for subsp. scaber Rataj Haynes and Holm-Nielsen Echinodorus scaber Rataj, E. scaber var. proliferate Rataj. Etymology Echinodorus see E. aschersoni-anus , macrophyllus large-leaved. Distribution Southern Nicaragua, Venezuela to Argentina. Description Sturdy marsh plant. Petiole up to 1 m long, round, glabrous subsp. macrophyllus or mammillate with stellate hair subsp. scaber . Emersed blade 15-40 cm long, 8-25...
Table 8 The top ten species of corals imported into the United States the EU
Totals for number of pieces are derived from importers' data in CITES for years 1997 to 2001. Japan's data are based on exporters' reports for 1997 and years 1999-2001, as Japan's Annual Reports for 1999-2001 are not available and they did not report any coral imports for 1997. Totals for number of pieces are derived from importers' data in CITES for years 1997 to 2001. Japan's data are based on exporters' reports for 1997 and years 1999-2001, as Japan's Annual Reports for 1999-2001 are not...
TASEK BERA Biotope No 12
Tasek Bera is a 60 km2 low-lying marsh area on the Malay Peninsula in the southwestern part of the State of Pahang. It is crisscrossed by many channel-like waterways and forms an important environment for aquatic and marsh plants. Furtado and Mori 1982 studied numerous ecological aspects of this biotope and summarized their 4 years of research in a comprehensive publication. Even though the author is not personally familiar with Tasek Bera, some essential research results should be summarized...
Biotope No 11
Aponogeton loriae is a very rare aquatic plant which is endemic in Papua New Guinea. The studied biotope is located on the road from Port Moresby in the direction of the Vaimauri Plateau, 61 km from the airport of the Papua New Guinea capital. There A. loriae grows in dense populations in a small river that is about 2-4 m wide. The clear water flows slowly at a speed of about 25 cm s. Whereas the water was knee-deep at the river's edge without a distinct shallow water zone , it reached a depth...
RIO YANAYACU PERU Biotope No 6
The Rio Yanayacu is a confluent to the Uya-cali. The biotope from which the water sample was taken in July 1990 consists of a quiet cove. A thick layer of floating plants, such as Ceratopteris pteridoides, Ceratophyllum de-mersum, C. submersum, Eichhornia crassi-pes, Limnobium laevigatum, Ludwigia hel-minth.orrh.iza, Phyllanthus fluitans, Pistia stratiotes, Ricciocarpus natans, Salvinia au-riculata and Utricularia foliosa, was found on the banks in slow-moving water. Due to the too small sample...
Biotope No 5
Studies were done on plant populations in a smaller river about 30 km past the city of Santo Tom in the direction of La Cruz Argentina . This waterway, as well as the adjacent flood area, featured thick populations of aquatic and marsh plants as well as an unusually large diversity of species within a small space. Eichhornia azurea and Hygrophila guianensis, among others, were found in the quick-flowing water in a depth of 1-2 m with Nymphoides sp. also present in water about 3 m deep. On the...
Biotope No 2
The Rio Sipao is a north-flowing confluent of the middle Orinoco in Venezuela. Studies were conducted in a large flooded area of this river, located a few kilometers away from the town of Maripa in the direction of Caicara. The waterway was fast-flowing, loamy, and clouded in its middle sections. In many places, however, little calm bays have formed in which dense populations of Eichhornia diversifolia, Bacopa sp. and Tonina fluviatilis could be found growing in knee-deep water. The populated...
Echinodorus berteroi
Family Alismataceae. Synonyms Alisma berteroi Sprengel 1825 , A. rostratum Nuttall, E. rostratus Nutt. Engelmann, E. patagonicus Spegazzini, and others. Etymology Echinodorus see E. aschersoni-anus berteroi after J. Bertero 1789-1831 . Distribution U.S. and Central America widespread isolated in Venezuela, Guyana, Ecuador, Peru. Description Strong marsh plant, up to 70 cm tall in the aquarium. Petiole up to 50 cm long rarely longer , triangular. Emersed leaf blade wide ovate with an obtuse...
Gallon Clam Lagoon
Overhead view of a shallow-water clam and coral nursery, typical of an Indo-Pacific patch reef in a lagoon area, featuring cap-tive-propagated Tridacna clams, young stony coral colonies, neon-green and orange zoanthids, and a scattering of fishes. ere is an eyecatching aquarium that reflects by Gerald Heslinga's Indo-Pacific Reef Farms. The rela- a small patch of Indo-Pacific back reef or shallow la- tively small foam fractionator suits a system that should goon where baby Tridacna clams and...
Most Popular Plants
They could also be called the classics, as they have given great pleasure to both veteran and novice aquarists for generations. Some are of particularly interest to beginners, as they are not only easy to cultivate but also inexpensive. They are mainly stemmed plants which provide cuttings without any difficulty and grow rapidly provided they are given the appropriate level of light. Some are species that adapt to different types of water, others are more suited to a regional aquarium. The...
Hygrophila difformis WhiteGreen
In contrast to the wild form, this plant depicts a more or less strongly pronounced white marking which refers mainly to the venation, but also to other parts of the leaf blade. So far, it has not been determined if this is a mutation or a virus infection, the latter, however, being very likely. Because the consistency of the white marking is not settled, it seems more appropriate to classify the plant not as a separate variety or form, but as a cultivar 'White-Green' Kasselmann 1981b, 1983a ....
Echinodorus aschersonianus
Synonyms E. aschersonianus var. nulliglan- Etymology Echinodorus Gr. echinos hedgehog, doros pipe, hose, hedgehog hose, refers to the spiny fruit aschersonianus after the German botanist P. Ascherson 1834-1913 . Distribution Southern Brazil to Argentina. Description Small to medium-sized marsh plant. Emersed plants petiole usually up to 10 cm long, half-round. Blade narrow ovoid, 6-14 cm long, 3.5-6 cm wide, medium green. Leaf apex round or aciculate base slightly cordate, with minuscule teeth....
Echinodorus amazonicus
Family Alismataceae. Synonyms Echinodorus brevipedicellatus auct. non O. Kuntze Buchenau. Etymology Echinodorus see E. aschersonia-nus amazonicus originating from the Amazon. Distribution Two habitats in the Brazilian Amazon region Rio Jamari Rondonia , Be-lem Para . Description Medium-sized sword plant, Submersed 30-50 cm tall. Petiole up to 10 cm long. Leaf blade narrow lanceolate, often slightly recurved sideways, up to 40 cm in length, 1.5-3 cm wide, medium green with dark horizontal...
Cyperus helferi
Etymology Cyperus from kypeiros Greek plant name helferi after the collector Johann Wilhelm Heifer 1810-1840 . Distribution India, Burma, Thailand, Cambodia, western Malaysia. Description Marsh plant, up to 60 cm tall. Creeping rhizome, up to 5 cm long, 7 mm thick, very branchy. Leaves basilar, bushy growth, 10-60 cm long, 2-9 mm wide, strap-shaped, cuspidate, gramineous, flaccid, flat, with a deep, angular furrow in the center of the blade, green, the margin featuring minute denticles,...
Soapfishes Hawkfishes
SIX-LINED SOAPFISH Grammistes sexlineatus SIZE to27cm 10V lt in. Soapfishes Serranidae ID Black with 6-9 white to gold stripes. Solitary. Under ledges or in recesses of lagoons, reef flats or seaward reefs to 20 m. Indo-Pacific Red Sea and E. Africa to Marquesas Is. in French Polynesia. - S.W. Japan to Australia. MOTTLED SOAPFISH Pseudogramma polyacanthum SIZE to 7.5 cm 3 in. Soapfishes - Serranidae ID Mottled brown large pale-edged dark spot on gill cover. Similar Ocellated Soapfish previous...
Class MYXINI
deepwater Myxine glutinosa lacks a vitreous body, has a poorly differentiated retina, and is buried beneath muscle Locket and J0rgensen, 1998 . The external nasohypophyseal opening is terminal, and it is through this opening that respiratory water passes backward to the gills unlike lampreys . Hagfishes are scavenger feeders, mostly eating the insides of dying or dead invertebrates and other fishes. They are the only craniate in which the body fluids are isosmotic with seawater. The mucous...
Gulf Marine Life Found With Christmas Tree Worm Rock
Blue Angelfish Holacanthus bermudensis Gray Angelfish Pomacanthus arcuatus Spotfin Butterflyfish Chaetodon ocellatus Foureye Butterflyfish Chaetodon capistratus Jackknife Drum quetus lanceolatus High-Hat Drum quetus acuminatus Slippery Dick Wrasse iHalichoeres bivittatus Beau Gregory Damsel .Stegastes leucostictus Colon Goby Coryphopterus dicrus Blue Goby loglossus calliurus Tiger Goby Gobiosoma macrodon Seaweed Blenny Parablennius marmoreus Red-spotted Hawkfish Amblycirrhitus pinos Sponges...
Cryptocoryne x willisii
Synonyms Cryptocoryne nevillii sensu auct., non Hook, f., C. lucens de Wit. Etymology Cryptocoryne see C. affinis willisii named after J.C. Willis. Distribution Central Sri Lanka. Description Marsh plant, emersed up to 25 cm, submersed 5-15 cm tall. Leaves 2-12 20 cm petiolate. Blade narrow ovoid to lanceolate, 1.5-12 cm long, 0.6-2.5 cm wide, flat, medium green in color. Apex usually acute base acute or slightly cordate. Margin entire. Indistinct venation. Spathe 4-8 cm long. Tube 2-5 cm long....
Cryptocoryne wendtii
Synonyms Cryptocoryne wendtii de Wit var. wendtii, var. jahnelli Rataj, var. krauteri Rataj, var. nana Rataj, var. rubella Rataj. Etymology Cryptocoryne see C. affinis wendtii after Albert Wendt 1887-1958 , author of the comprehensive work Die Aqua-rienpflanzen in Wort und Bild. Distribution Central, western to northwestern Sri Lanka. Description Marsh plant, 10-30 cm tall. Leaves 5-20 25 cm petiolate. Leaf blade elliptic to very narrow elliptic or narrow lanceolate to narrow ovoid, 5 15 23 cm...
Cryptocoryne walkeri x nevillii
Etymology Cryptocoryne see C. affinis walkeri after A.W. Walker nevillii after H. Nevill. Distribution No natural distribution artificial hybrid . Description Marsh plant, emersed 5-15 cm, submersed 2-7 cm tall. Leaves up to 12 cm petiolate, sometimes slightly fleshy and stiff. Leaf blade lanceolate, up to 5.5 cm long, 1.8 cm wide, flat. Apex acute base round. Light to medium green coloration. Spathe up to 17 cm long. Tube up to 10 cm long. Limb about 5 cm in length, erect, cuspidate, slightly...
Spraying Characin
Family Lebiasimdae. Distribution Amazon and Rio Para. Description Shape smatl, verv elongated, slightly flattened profile. Large, protruding horizontal mouih Upper lobe of cauda fin particularly elongated in he male. Color back a dark brownish yellow sides and beily yellowish or greenish with a rust-brown sheen large dark-edged scales, producing a netlike pattern. Gill cover has a greenish-gold spot. A narrow dark tine runs from the mouth to the eye. Size males up to 3J in 8 , females up to 2...
Cryptocoryne usteriana
Etymology Cryptocoryne see C. ajfinis usteriana after A. Usteri 1869-1948 . Distribution Philippines Guimaras Island . Description Aquatic plant, up to 70 cm tall. Leaves up to 30 cm petiolate. Blade lanceolate to narrow elliptic, up to 40 cm long, 2-6 cm wide, bullate. Apex acute base round or acute. Undulate margin. Medium green coloration, often pale to deep purple-red on the underside. Strong midrib. Spathe 5-14 cm long. Tube 3.5-9 cm long. Limb 1.8-3.5 cm, cuspidate or short caudate,...
Cryptocoryne undulata
Synonyms Cryptocoryne willisii Baum, C. axelrodii Rataj. Etymology Cryptocoryne see C. affinis undulata undulate, refers to the structure of the leaf blade. Distribution Central Sri Lanka. Description Marsh plant, 10-25 cm tall. Leaves 7-15 cm petiolate. Blade lanceolate to narrow lanceolate, 4 11 15 cm long, 1-3 cm wide, slightly undulate. Apex acute base narrow, acute, truncate or slightly cordate. Margin entire or undulate. Upperside medium green to dark brown coloring, occasionally...
Code Symbols
- Temperature - General Hardness soft soft-medium medium-hard hard Strong Lighting pC ' Medium Lighting - Planting Position 1 - Foreground 3 - Mid-ground - Country or Region of Origin - Stem Plant b - Rosette Plant V - Rosette Plant with Bulb - Rosette Plant with Tuber - Lasy The codes used in this handbook refer to Oriental Aquarium-Singapore plant order codes. Special thanks to iVlr. Takashi Amano Photo credits Takashi Amano Aqua Design Amano Co., Ltd Pages 4, 6,7, 11, 18, 19, 20, 21,35 amp...
Family HALOSAURIDAE 72halosaurs Deepsea worldwide
Maxilla and premaxilla toothed branchiostegal membranes completely separate, rays 9-23 dorsal fin entirely anterior to anus, with 9-13 soft rays, no spines lateral line cavernous and extending full length of body, lateroven-trally scales relatively large, fewer than 30 longitudinal rows on each side. Three genera with 15 species. Halosaurus, with eight species, occurs in many areas of the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific, usually confined to continental margins. Halosauropsis macrochir is in the...
Pistons and Paddles
Wre have seen three other surge devices employed in aquariums in our travels to different public aquaria. The National Aquarium in Baltimore uses a paddle system controlled by an hydraulic arm to generate a beautiful back and forth surge in their living coral reef exhibit. The paddle is located behind the artificial rock-work. We have seen similar paddle systems moved by motor or air compressor at the Virginia Beach Science Museum and the New7 York Aquarium. The most magnificent surge device at...
Pogostemon helferi053H
This plant was discovered by aquarists in Thailand, close to the border with Burma. It is called 'Daonoi' little star in Thailand, and it is easy to see why. Pogostemon helferi is an unusual and distinctive aquatic plant with a compact habit, curly leaves and a strikingly beautiful green colour. With good light conditions and a substrate rich in nutrients Pogostemon helferi forms many side shoots, which develop small roots, and the plant rapidly forms an impressive carpet of foreground...
Echinodorus osiris
Commercial name E. osiris rubra, E. au- Etymology Echinodorus see E. aschersoni-anus osiris refers to the Brazilian aquatic plant nursery Lotus Osiris. Distribution Southern Brazil few habitats . Description It is distinguished from E. uru-guayensis by the following features E. osiris easily forms emersed leaves. Petiole 40-70 cm long. Blade elliptic or narrow ovoid, 15-25 cm long, 7-15 cm wide. Submersed blade 10-40 cm petiolate, very narrow elliptic, narrow lanceolate or oblanceolate, 10-30...